{"id":12564,"date":"2024-08-09T17:00:50","date_gmt":"2024-08-09T15:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/biblianpd.pl\/?p=12564"},"modified":"2024-08-08T09:24:32","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T07:24:32","slug":"septuaginta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biblianpd.pl\/en\/septuaginta\/","title":{"rendered":"Septuaginta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Septuaginta<\/em> to nazwa najstarszego t\u0142umaczenia Biblii Hebrajskiej<\/em> na j\u0119zyk grecki, kt\u00f3re wykonane zosta\u0142o w Aleksandrii na zlecenie kr\u00f3la egipskiego Ptolemeusza II Filadelfosa przez \u2013 jak g\u0142osi legenda \u2013 70 lub 72 \u017cydowskich t\u0142umaczy (st\u0105d nazwa Septuaginta<\/em> i jej symboliczne oznaczenie LXX).
\nPo podbojach Aleksandra Macedo\u0144skiego w IV w. p.n.e. \u2192 greka koine<\/em> sta\u0142a si\u0119 g\u0142\u00f3wnym j\u0119zykiem porozumiewania si\u0119 (swoistym lingua franca<\/em>) w \u00f3wczesnym \u015bwiecie \u015br\u00f3dziemnomorskim i bliskowschodnim. Wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bnie jej zasi\u0119g mo\u017cemy por\u00f3wna\u0107 do j\u0119zyka angielskiego. Ptolemeusz zapragn\u0105\u0142 uzupe\u0142ni\u0107 ksi\u0119gozbi\u00f3r Biblioteki Aleksandryjskiej o niezwyk\u0142e dzie\u0142o \u2013 pisma \u015bwi\u0119te ludu hebrajskiego. Pierwszy etap ich prac \u2013 t\u0142umaczenie Pi\u0119cioksi\u0119gu<\/em> \u2013 podobno zaj\u0105\u0142 72 dni. Kolejne ksi\u0119gi by\u0142y przek\u0142adane na j\u0119zyk grecki stopniowo przez kolejne 100 lat. Nie zachowa\u0142o si\u0119 do naszych czas\u00f3w pierwotne t\u0142umaczenie Septuaginty<\/em>, jednak dysponujemy ok. 1550 jej kopiami. Najstarsze z nich pochodz\u0105 z IV w. n.e., co w badaniach literaturoznawczych nadaje im wielk\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107.
\nW czasach Jezusa i Aposto\u0142\u00f3w \u017bydzi (poza wykszta\u0142conymi rabinami) nie znali j\u0119zyka hebrajskiego. Na co dzie\u0144 pos\u0142ugiwali si\u0119 j\u0119zykiem aramejskim (i korzystali z Targum\u00f3w<\/em>, czyli aramejskich przek\u0142ad\u00f3w Biblii Hebrajskiej<\/em>). Zhellenizowani \u017bydzi mieszkaj\u0105cy w diasporze (w rozproszeniu poza Izraelem) bardzo cz\u0119sto nie m\u00f3wili po aramejsku. Nie mogli wi\u0119c korzysta\u0107 z Targum\u00f3w<\/em>. Jedyn\u0105 mo\u017cliwo\u015bci\u0105 korzystania przez nich z Biblii Hebrajskiej<\/em> by\u0142a wi\u0119c Septuaginta<\/em>. Jej ranga by\u0142a niezwyk\u0142a. W praktyce to j\u0105 nazywano Pismem \u015bw. (Bibli\u0105). Formuj\u0105ce si\u0119 lokalne gminy chrze\u015bcija\u0144skie w naturalny spos\u00f3b przejmowa\u0142y ten przek\u0142ad Biblii Hebrajskiej<\/em>, tak i\u017c z czasem sta\u0142 si\u0119 on po prostu Bibli\u0105 pierwszych ko\u015bcio\u0142\u00f3w. Finalna posta\u0107 Biblii, jak\u0105 dysponujemy wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bnie, powsta\u0142a z czasem przez uzupe\u0142nienie ST o tworz\u0105cy si\u0119 kanon \u015bwi\u0119tych pism chrze\u015bcija\u0144skich zwany popularnie Nowym Testamentem. Znacz\u0105ce jest to, \u017ce ok. 40% cytat\u00f3w z Biblii Hebrajskiej<\/em>, jakie znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 w NT, ma brzmienie wed\u0142ug Septuaginty<\/em>. Taka popularno\u015b\u0107 tego t\u0142umaczenia w \u015bwiecie chrze\u015bcija\u0144skim doprowadzi\u0142a rabin\u00f3w \u017cydowskich do dystansowania si\u0119 od niego i ostatecznie do wydania zakazu korzystania z Septuaginty<\/em> przez wyznawc\u00f3w judaizmu. Jako alternatyw\u0119 \u017bydzi przygotowali swe kolejne t\u0142umaczenie Biblii Hebrajskiej<\/em> na j\u0119zyk grecki. By\u0142o to t\u0142umaczenie Akwili z Synopy (ucznia rabina Akiby Ben Josefa) zrealizowane ok. 130 r. n.e.
\nNiezwyk\u0142o\u015bci\u0105 Septuaginty<\/em> by\u0142o przet\u0142umaczenie tetragramu hebr. JHWH<\/em> na j\u0119zyk grecki s\u0142owem KYRIOS<\/em> (PAN). Niewiele wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnych j\u0119zyk\u00f3w posiada w\u0142asne przek\u0142ady Septuaginty<\/em>. Z tego wzgl\u0119du nale\u017cy za wielkie wydarzenie przyj\u0105\u0107 naukowe wydanie polskiego przek\u0142adu Septuaginty<\/em> w t\u0142um. ks. prof. Remigiusza Popowskiego SDB, kt\u00f3re w roku 2013 zosta\u0142o opublikowane przez Oficyn\u0119 Wydawnicz\u0105 VOCATIO z Warszawy. Wydanie popularne wraz z tekstem NT (w przek\u0142adzie tego samego t\u0142umacza) VOCATIO publikuje na bie\u017c\u0105co jako Bibli\u0119 pierwszego ko\u015bcio\u0142a<\/em>. Dla os\u00f3b zajmuj\u0105cych si\u0119 analizami biblijnymi nie bez znaczenia jest fakt, \u017ce prawie wszystkie przek\u0142ady ST na j\u0119zyki wsp\u00f3\u0142czesne dokonywane s\u0105 z kopii manuskrypt\u00f3w masoreckich, a wi\u0119c z dokument\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re oryginalnie powsta\u0142y 1100-1300 lat p\u00f3\u017aniej ni\u017c Septuaginta<\/em>. Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 prawos\u0142awny (wschodni) na \u015bwiecie uwa\u017ca grecki tekst Septuaginty<\/em> za jedyny wiarygodny tekst ST.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Septuaginta to nazwa najstarszego t\u0142umaczenia Biblii Hebrajskiej na j\u0119zyk grecki, kt\u00f3re wykonane zosta\u0142o w Aleksandrii na zlecenie kr\u00f3la egipskiego Ptolemeusza<\/p>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[221],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-komentarz-npd","livre-type-book"],"yoast_head":"\nSeptuaginta - Biblia NPD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biblianpd.pl\/en\/septuaginta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Septuaginta - 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